Baby Jaundice
The First Week -
Baby Jaundice
During the first week Yana had baby jaundice. It continued much longer than 2 weeks and yet it turned out normal and without lasting effect on the baby.
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Does your newborn baby have a yellowish skin and yellow in the whites
of the eyes? Usually this condition occurs two to five days after childbirth.
It is called jaundice, coming from the French word for yellow - 'jaune'.
Jaundice appears first in the face and the eyes and progresses downward
toward the toes. The reason is excess bilirubin in the blood.
Jaundice is a normal event and is not serious in most
cases. It disappears in 1-2 weeks and there is no need of special treatment.
Also it does not have any lasting effect on the baby.
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The yellow color of the skin is caused by excess amount
of bilirubin in the skin of the newborn. Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment.
It can color sometimes the stool in yellow or brown. Small amount of
bilirubin is present in everyone's blood. However, when there is excess
of it is released in the bloodstream and temporary stored in tissues.
Bilirubin is created when red blood cells break down.
When the red blood cells become old, they are destroyed and release
haemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the iron-containing chemical that carries
oxygen. After the iron is removed, another chemical remain in the blood
- it is bilirubin. Normally newborns have a high level of red blood
cells. This makes bilirubin more. Normally this bilirubin goes through
the liver and is expelled as bile through the intestines. Jaundice occurs
when bilirubin builds up faster than the liver of the baby can break
it down and excrete it from the body.
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The cause of physiological jaundice is that during life
in the uterus, the red blood cells of the fetus contain a type of hemoglobin
that is different than the hemoglobin after birth. The body of the baby
begins rapidly to destroy the red blood cells containing the fetal-type
of haemoglobin and produces red blood cells with adult-type hemoglobin.
In a newborn the liver is still developing and cannot remove all the
bilirubin from the blood. The level of bilirubin is too high to be properly
processed by the liver. A large amount of bilirubin is reabsorbed from
the intestines, before it passes from the body. Within two or three
weeks, the destruction of red blood cells ends, the liver matures and
the levels of bilirubin return to normal.
When there is jaundice the stool becomes light in color,
not brown as when bilirubin is excreted. My daughter Yana when she had
jaundice has yellow stool. The urine got dark or brownish when the bilirubin
started passing from the body.
Not a common syndrome is breat-milk or breast feeding
jaundice. It appears that jaundice might be accentuated by breast feeding.
The cause of this kind of jaundice is unknown, but it is supposed that
there is something in breast milk which reduces the ability of the liver
to process and eliminate bilirubin. With breast-milk jaundice the timing
of elevation of bilirubin is different than normal jaundice. Bilirubin
rises and achieves pick levels in approximately 2 weeks and declines
to normal over the next weeks or months. Breast-milk jaundice alone
does not cause any problems to infants.
High levels of bilirubin and prolonged jaundice might
cause neurological damage to an infant. This is the reason why jaundice
is often treated to prevent this to happen. Phototherapy with artificial
or natural sunlight is the most common treatment. If it is not successful,
exchange transfusion (replacement of the infant's blood with normal
blood from donors) is applied.
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Physiologic and breast-milk jaundice are different from
hemolytic disease. This is a serious, sometimes life-threatening cause
of jaundice in the newborn. It is caused by blood group incompatibilities
between mother and fetus, usually Rh incompatibility. It leads to an
attack of the mother's antibodies on the babies' red blood cells. Because
of modern management of pregnancy this cause of jaundice is rare.
Jaundice occurs frequently in premature babies. The reason
is that they take longer to adjust to excreting bilirubin effectively.
In rare cases the jaundice might be caused by liver disease.
In this case there are symptoms like fatigue, swelling of the ankles,
muscle wasting, and fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity, mental
confusion, and coma or bleeding into the intestines.
If the cause of jaundice is blockage of the bile ducts,
no bile is released into the intestines. Without bile fats cannot be
digested and vitamins are not processed and absorbed into the body.
So there might be vitamin deficiency. When vitamin K is missing, the
liver does not produce proteins needed for normal clothing of blood.
The result is uncontrolled bleeding.
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When should you call the doctor?
If the jaundice is noted during the first 24 hours of
life; The jaundice goes down to arms and legs The baby has fever - body
temperature over 100 degrees Fahrenheit or 37.8 degrees Celsius If the
child looks or acts sick. In children under 5, temperature is taken
aurally or rectally If the jaundice is not gone after day 15; The baby
is not gaining sufficient weight.
Be patient, and know that once the bilirubin level drops,
it is unlikely to increase again.
I know it hurts to see your baby with jaundice, you can
read some general
treatments
here, but if you are concerned contact your doctor.
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